Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, some grow relatively quickly. The cancer cells may spread from the prostate to other area of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes.

Symptoms

It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages, A disease known as benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. Other late symptoms may include feeling tired due to low levels of red blood cells.

Causes

Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer include older age, a family history of the disease, and race.
About 99% of cases occur in males over the age of 50. Having a first-degree relative with the disease increases the risk two to threefold.
Other factors that may be involved include a diet high in processed meat, red meat or milk products or low in certain vegetables.
An association with gonorrhea has been found, but a reason for this relationship has not been identified. An increased risk is associated with the BRCA mutations.

Diagones and Treatment

Prostate cancer is diagnosed by biopsy.Medical imaging may then be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Prostate cancer screening is controversial.Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increases cancer detection, Supplementation with vitamins or minerals does not appear to affect the risk. Many cases are managed with active surveillance or watchful waiting.Other treatments may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy. When it only occurs inside the prostate, it may be curable. In those in whom the disease has spread to the bones, pain medications, bisphosphonates and targeted therapy, among others, may be useful. Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. Most people with prostate cancer do not end up dying from the disease. The 5-year survival rate in the United States is 99%. Globally, it is the second most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In 2012, it occurred in 1.1 million men and caused 307,000 deaths. It was the most common cancer in males in 84 countries, occurring more commonly in the developed world. Rates have been increasing in the developing world.Detection increased significantly in the 1980s and 1990s in many areas due to increased PSA testing.Studies of males who died from unrelated causes have found prostate cancer in 30% to 70% of those over age 60.
Other types are......................................
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